What is 4C Marketing
The 4C marketing model was introduced by Robert F. Lauterborn in 1990 as an alternative to the traditional 4P Marketing Mix model (introduced by E. Jerome McCarthy in 1960).
With the rapid changes in the marketing and shopping environment (will be mentioned below), Lauterborn recognized that the traditional 4P Marketing Mix was no longer sufficient, focusing on the customer’s needs and wants was more important than simply pushing a product, therefore he came up with the 4C model.
From a high-level, the 4C model is a customer-centric approach that places more emphasis on delivering value from the customer's perspective, reflecting the evolving relationship between companies and consumers in a more interconnected world.
Why Move to 4C?
The 4C model has gained popularity due to changes in the marketplace:
- The Rise of E-Commerce: Online shopping gives customers more control, making "convenience to buy" crucial.
- Consumer Empowerment: Social media allows customers to voice opinions, pushing brands to engage in two-way communication.
- Personalization Expectations: Customers expect tailored experiences, aligning with the focus on customer needs and wants.
- Value Beyond Price: Consumers now consider the full effort involved in purchasing, captured by cost to satisfy.
While the 4P Marketing Mix is product-focused, the 4C model shifts the focus to customer satisfaction. Businesses that combine both can ensure they’re creating the right products, at the right price, in the right place, with the right promotion while staying aligned with customer needs.
